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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Triumph Of
The West 13 Part TV Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
November 3, 1534: Religion: The History
Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: Protestantism: The
Reformation (The Protestant Reformation, The European
Reformation): Acts Of Supremacy: The First Act Of Supremacy:
Protestantism: The English Reformation: -- The breaking away of
England from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic
Church begins as the Parliament of England passes the First Act Of
Supremacy, granting King Henry VIII Of England and subsequent
monarchs Royal Supremacy, such that he was declared the Supreme
Head of the Church of England. Royal Supremacy is specifically
used to describe the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the
laws of the Church in England. The act declared that the king was
"the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England"
and that the Crown shall enjoy "all honours, dignities,
preeminences, jurisdictions, privileges, authorities, immunities,
profits, and commodities to the said dignity." The wording of
the act made clear that Parliament was not granting the king the
title (thereby suggesting that they had the right to withdraw it
later); rather, it was acknowledging an established fact. In the
Act Of Supremacy, Henry abandoned Rome completely. He thereby
asserted the independence of the Ecclesia Anglicana. He appointed
himself and his successors as the supreme rulers of the English
church. Earlier, Henry had been declared "Defender of the
Faith" (Fidei defensor) in 1521 by Pope Leo X for his
pamphlet accusing Martin Luther of heresy. Parliament later
conferred this title upon Henry in 1544. The 1534 Act marks the
beginning of the English Reformation. There were a number of
reasons for this Act, primarily the need for a male heir to the
throne. Henry tried for years to obtain an annulment of his
marriage to Catherine Of Aragon, and had convinced himself that
God was punishing him for marrying his brother's widow. Pope
Clement VII refused to grant the annulment because, according to
Roman Catholic teaching, a validly contracted marriage is
indivisible until death, and thus the pope cannot annul a marriage
simply because of a canonical impediment previously dispensed. The
Treasons Act was later passed: it provided that to disavow the Act
Of Supremacy and to deprive the king of his "dignity, title,
or name" was to be considered treason. The most famous public
figure to resist the Treasons Act was Sir Thomas More. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Heaven Man
Earth: Kowloon Walled City & Hong Kong Triads MP4 Or DVD
November 3, 1839: The Century Of
Humiliation (The Hundred Years Of National Humiliation)
(1838-1945): The Opium Wars: The First Opium War (The Opium War,
The Anglo-Chinese War): -- British frigates blow up several
Chinese junks, marking the beginning of The First Opium War, a
series of military engagements fought between the United Kingdom
and the Qing dynasty over conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic
relations, trade, and the administration of justice in China. In
the 17th and 18th centuries demand for Chinese goods (particularly
silk, porcelain, and especially tea) in Europe created a trade
imbalance between Qing Imperial China and Great Britain. European
silver flowed into China through the Canton System, which confined
incoming foreign trade to the southern port city of Canton. To
counter this imbalance, the British East India Company began to
auction opium grown in India to independent foreign traders in
exchange for silver, and in doing so strengthened its trading
influence in Asia. The opium was transported to the Chinese coast
where local middlemen made massive profits selling the drug inside
China. The influx of narcotics reversed the Chinese trade surplus,
drained the economy of silver, and increased the numbers of opium
addicts inside the country. In 1839 the Daoguang Emperor,
rejecting proposals to legalise and tax opium, appointed viceroy
Lin Zexu to solve the problem by banning the opium trade. Lin
confiscated around 20,000 chests of opium (approximately 1210 tons
or 2.66 million pounds) without offering compensation and ordered
a blockade of foreign trade in Canton. The British government,
although not officially denying China's right to control imports
of the drug, objected to this unexpected seizure and dispatched a
military force to China. In the ensuing conflict the Royal Navy
used its naval and gunnery power to inflict a series of decisive
defeats on the Chinese Empire,a tactic later referred to as
gunboat diplomacy. In 1842 the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the
Treaty of Nanking, the first of what the Chinese later called the
unequal treaties, which granted an indemnity and
extraterritoriality to Britain, opened five treaty ports to
foreign merchants, and ceded Hong Kong Island to the British
Empire. The failure of the treaty to satisfy British goals of
improved trade and diplomatic relations led to the Second Opium
War (1856-60), and the Qing defeat resulted in social unrest
within China. In China, the war is considered the beginning of
modern Chinese history. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Ulysses S.
Grant & The Battle Of The Wilderness DVD MP4 USB Drive
November 3, 1868: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1868 United States Presidential Election:
-- Republican nominee Ulysses S. Grant defeats Democratic nominiee
Horatio Seymour. It was the first presidential election to take
place after the conclusion of the American Civil War and the
abolition of slavery, the first election in which African
Americans could vote in the reconstructed Southern states, in
accordance with the First Reconstruction Act, and the first
election of the Reconstruction Era. The 1868 United States
Presidential Election was the 21st quadrennial presidential
election. Incumbent president Andrew Johnson had succeeded to the
presidency in 1865 following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln,
a Republican. Johnson, a War Democrat from Tennessee, had served
as Lincoln's running mate in 1864 on the National Union ticket,
which was designed to attract Republicans and War Democrats. Upon
accession to office, Johnson clashed with the Republican Congress
over Reconstruction policies and was impeached and nearly removed
from office. Johnson received some support for another term at the
1868 Democratic National Convention, but, after several ballots,
the convention nominated Seymour, who had formerly served as
Governor of New York. The 1868 Republican National Convention
unanimously nominated Grant, who had been the highest-ranking
Union general at the end of the Civil War. The Democrats
criticized the Republican Reconstruction policies, and "campaigned
explicitly on an anti-black, pro-white platform," while
Republicans campaigned on Grant's popularity and the Union victory
in the Civil War. Grant decisively won the electoral vote, but his
margin was narrower in the popular vote. In addition to his appeal
in the North, Grant benefited from votes among the newly
enfranchised freedmen in the South, while the temporary political
disfranchisement of many Southern whites helped Republican
margins. As three of the former Confederate states (Texas,
Mississippi, and Virginia) were not yet restored to the Union,
their electors could not vote in the election. This was the last
time that Missouri supported the Republican candidate until 1904.
This was also the last time until 1912 that the Democrats carried
more electoral votes from the North (46) than from the South (34),
though this was partly due to extremely exceptional circumstances
involving the Reconstruction, and in 1912 the reversal occurred
due to the better Democratic performance nationwide as well as the
higher population of the North. This was also the last time the
Republicans did better in the popular vote in the South than in
the North until 1964, again due to very large majorities in
reconstruction states like South Carolina and Tennessee. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War
I: The War Files TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
November 3, 1918: The European Civil War:
World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World
War I): The Western Front Of World War I: Naval Warfare Of World
War I: The Naval Order Of 24 October 1918: The Kiel Mutiny: The
Wilhelmshaven Mutiny: The German Revolution Of 1918-1919: -- The
German Revolution Of 1918-1919 begins when 40,000 sailors take
over the port in Kiel during the Kiel Mutiny (German: Kieler
Matrosenaufstand), a major revolt by sailors of the German High
Seas Fleet which triggered the German Revolution, swept aside the
monarchy, ended the German Empire, ended World War I and
established of the Weimar Republic. Led by the sailor Karl Artelt,
who worked in the repair ship yard for Imperial German Navy
torpedo boats in Kiel-Wik, and by the mobilized shipyard worker
Lothar Popp, both USPD (Independent Social Democratic Party of
Germany) members, the sailors called for a mass meeting of
sailors, unions, workers and workers' representatives. The slogan
"Frieden und Brot" (peace and bread) was raised showing
that the sailors and workers demanded not only the release of
their comrades who had been imprisoned in the aftermath of the
Wilhelmshaven Mutiny of October 29-30, which was the original and
most immediate reason for the demonstration,, but also the end of
the war and the improvement of food provisions. Eventually the
people supported Artelt's call to free the prisoners, and they
moved in the direction of the military prison. Sublieutenant
Steinhauser, who had orders to stop the demonstrators, ordered his
patrol to give warning shots and then to shoot directly into the
demonstrators. Seven men were killed and 29 were seriously
injured. Some demonstrators also opened fire. Steinhauser was
severely injured by rifle-butt blows and shots, but contrary to
later statements, he was not killed. After this incident, commonly
viewed as the starting point of the German revolution, the
demonstrators dispersed, and the patrol withdrew. The German
Revolution or November Revolution (German: Novemberrevolution) was
a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First
World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal
constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic
that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary
period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption in August 1919
of the Weimar Constitution. The causes of the revolution were the
extreme burdens suffered by the population during the four years
of war, the strong impact of the defeat on the German Empire and
the social tensions between the general population and the elite
of aristocrats and bourgeoisie who held power and had just lost
the war. The first acts of revolution were triggered by the
policies of the German Supreme Command of the Army and its lack of
coordination with the Naval Command. In the face of defeat, the
Naval Command insisted on trying to precipitate a climactic battle
with the British Royal Navy by means of its naval order of October
24, 1918. The battle never took place; instead of obeying their
orders to begin preparations to fight the British, German sailors
led a revolt in the naval ports of Wilhelmshaven on October 29,
1918, followed by the Kiel Mutiny in the first days of November.
These disturbances spread the spirit of civil unrest across
Germany, and ultimately led to the proclamation of a republic on
November 9 1918. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Wilhelm II abdicated
his throne and fled the country. The revolutionaries, inspired by
socialist ideas, did not hand over power to Soviet-style councils
as the Bolsheviks had done in Russia, because the leadership of
the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) opposed their
creation. The SPD opted instead for a national assembly that would
form the basis for a parliamentary system of government. Fearing
an all-out civil war in Germany between militant workers and
reactionary conservatives, the SPD did not plan to strip the old
German upper classes completely of their power and privileges.
Instead, it sought to integrate them into the new social
democratic system. In this endeavour, SPD leftists sought an
alliance with the German Supreme Command. This allowed the army
and the Freikorps (nationalist militias) to quell the communist
Spartacist uprising of 4-15 January 1919 by force. The same
alliance of political forces succeeded in suppressing uprisings of
the left in other parts of Germany, with the result that the
country was completely pacified by late 1919. Elections for the
new Weimar National Assembly were held on 19 January 1919. The
revolution ended on 11 August 1919, when the Weimar Constitution
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Heil
Hitler! Confessions Of A Hitler Youth: Alfons Heck DVD, MP4. USB
November 3, 1928: #BOTD: #HBD! Alfons
Heck, Hitler Youth Officer, fanatical adherent of Nazism during
the Third Reich, recipient of the Iron Cross from Adolf Hitler
personally, who as a hostile attendee at the Nuremberg Trials
learned the truth about the Nazis and then resolved to turn his
life around to help prevent what happened to him from happening to
children in other totalitarian societies (d. April 11, 2005) is
#born in the Rhineland, a loosely defined area of Western Germany
along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section. In the 1970s, Heck
began to write candidly of his youthful military experiences in
news articles and two books. Thereafter, he entered into a
partnership with Jewish Holocaust survivor Helen Waterford, each
presenting their differing wartime circumstances before more than
200 audiences, most notably in schools and colleges. Heck was born
in the Rhineland. He was raised by his grandparents at their farm
in the crossroads wine country community of Wittlich, Germany.
When he entered school at the age of 6, he and his classmates were
first exposed to effective Nazi indoctrination by their
virulently-nationalistic teacher. Four years later, Heck and his
classmates joined the five million in the Hitler Youth. Heck was a
good student and found learning easy. He was appointed leader of
about ten other boys. By then, his indoctrination and his devotion
to the proud future of Hitler's Third Reich were nearly complete.
He understood that the first rule of service to a greater Germany
was to follow orders without question, and he was willing to
report "suspicious actions" or comments, even by friends
or family, to his leader. At 14, all Deutsches Jungvolk were
required to join the senior Hitler Youth branch, the Hitlerjugend.
In part to avoid becoming an infantry officer, Heck applied to the
elite Flying Hitler Youth (Flieger Hitlerjugend), although he was
apprehensive about its year-long glider plane training. But within
weeks he became obsessed with flying and landing gliders. His life
course had changed. He would not study to be a priest, as his
grandmother had hoped. Heck devoted himself to the task of
becoming a Luftwaffe fighter pilot. He had been taught to believe
that living under Bolshevik-Jewish slavery was too horrible to
contemplate, leaving German victory as the only alternative.
Capture seemed to him worse than death. He thought that only a
glorious death over the battlefield stood in the way of his
sharing in Germany's inevitable triumph. His final transformation
to fanaticism had begun. He described this extended period of
glider training from late 1942 until early 1944 as the happiest of
his life. At 16, Heck became the youngest scholar to receive a
diploma from Aeronaut's Certificate in Sailplane Flying. Heck
recalls the audience response to Hitler: "We erupted into a
frenzy of nationalistic pride that bordered on hysteria. For
minutes on end, we shouted at the top of our lungs, with tears
streaming down our faces: Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil! From
that moment on, I belonged to Adolf Hitler body and soul."
However, the Allied invasion of France in 1944 caused his group of
180 Flying Hitler Youth, of which Heck had become the officer in
charge, to be returned to the Wittlich area to organise the
excavation of large anti-tank barriers on the nearby defensive
Westwall. Battlefield losses raised Heck's Hitler Youth rank to
Bannfuhrer, nominally in charge of 3,000 Hitler Youth workers in
the town and its 50 surrounding villages. One of his antiaircraft
crews shot down a damaged B-17 bomber trying to return to its
base. Later, he gave orders in a combat engagement against
advancing Americans in which participants on both sides were
killed. He was considered by friends and superiors to be ambitious
and ruthless. At one point, he gave orders to have an elderly
Luxembourg priest shot if he dared return to the school that Heck
had commandeered for his workers. The priest did not return. In
another incident, he drew his pistol to shoot a Hitler Youth
deserter but was prevented from doing so by a Wehrmacht sergeant.
Heck admitted at the time, as well as afterwards, that he had
become intoxicated by the power he wielded. As the approaching
Americans consolidated their gains, the 16-year-old Bannfuhrer was
ordered back to his Luftwaffe training base. Once there, with the
suspension of training, flight candidates were being ordered to
the front lines to face the American infantry. However, a
Luftwaffe officer, likely for the purpose of preserving Heck's
life, ordered Heck to organise the retrieval of needed radar
equipment near Wittlich and then to take a four-day leave in his
home town. This enabled Heck to don civilian clothes before
surrendering to the advancing Americans. Unaware of his Hitler
Youth rank, the American soldiers used Heck as a translator until
French military authorities began occupying the area. The French
arrested Heck, who served six months of hard labor before finally
being released. Heck was unable to believe that the atrocities
perpetrated by the Nazi regime had actually taken place. Despite
the difficulty of traveling within occupied Germany, he made his
way to Nuremberg to witness what he could of the trials of former
Nazi officers and officials. He later emigrated to Canada, working
in several British Columbia sawmills. He then moved to the US,
where, living in San Diego, he became a Greyhound long-distance
bus driver. During the 1950s and 1960s, Alfons Heck remained
silent about his wartime activities and his involvement in the
Hitler Youth, but he read hundreds of books about the Third Reich,
tracing the lives of surviving Nazi leaders and maintaining an
interest in West German politics. He came to feel that his
generation of young Germans had been callously betrayed by Nazi
strategists. Of the nine and a half million German war dead, two
million were teenagers, both civilians and Hitler Youth. In 1971,
at the age of 43, he became disabled by heart disease. Without a
productive future and increasingly frustrated by his
contemporaries' failure to speak out, Heck began attending writing
classes so that he might record what it was like to have been a
pawn of Nazi militarism. In 1985, he published A Child of Hitler:
Germany in the Days When God Wore a Swastika (Arizona: Renaissance
House, 1985), an account of his life under Nazism. He continued
with The Burden of Hitler's Legacy (Frederick, Colorado:
Renaissance House, 1988). Heck began touring with Waterford in
1980 to talk about their experiences before, during, and after the
war. The aligned speakers became friends as they visited more than
150 universities over nine years, urging youths to avoid
Hitler-type brainwashing. Colorado publisher Eleanor Ayer, who
published Waterford's autobiography "Commitment to the Dead"
in 1987, wrote Waterford and Heck's intertwined stories in her
1995 book Parallel Journeys. In 1989, Heck appeared in the BBC
Documentary The Fatal Attraction of Adolf Hitler. In 1991, he
featured in HBO's documentary Heil Hitler Confessions Of A Hitler
Youth. The film won an ACE for best documentary. In 1992, Heck was
awarded an Emmy for "outstanding historical programming."
In 1991, an HBO documentary based on his books titled Heil Hitler!
Confessions of a Hitler Youth was released. With Heck's narration
and using archived footage, it attempted to explain how millions
of the German youth of the Third Reich followed Nazi propaganda
and became some of the most extreme Hitler followers. Heck also
provided testimony on parallels between the attraction of Nazism
and Islamism and was featured in the documentary Obsession:
Radical Islam's War Against the West. Heck died of heart failure
at Scripps Mercy Hospital in San Diego at the age of 76. His
burial details are not publicly disclosed. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hizzoner
The Mayor Jimmy Walker & Fiorello La Guardia MP4 Download DVD
November 3, 1925: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1925 New York City Mayoral Election: --
Democratic State Senator Jimmy Walker defeats Republican nominee
Frank D. Waterman and is elected the 97th mayor of New York City.
Incumbent Democratic mayor John Francis Hylan ran for re-election
to a third term in office but was defeated in the Democratic Party
primary Walker. Jimmy Walker, known colloquially as Beau James,
songwriter, record executive and mayor of New York City from 1926
to 1932 (June 19, 1881 - November 18, 1946) was born. A flamboyant
politician, James John Walker was a liberal Democrat and part of
the powerful Tammany Hall machine. He was forced to resign during
a corruption scandal mayor. Walker was the son of Irish-born
William H. Walker, a carpenter and lumberyard owner who was very
active in local politics as a Democratic assemblyman and alderman
from Greenwich Village, belying certain accounts of Walker's
childhood that stated he grew up in poverty. Walker's first
passion seems to be music; in 1905 he stormed Tin Pan Alley
writing songs such as "There's Music In The Rustle Of A
Skirt" and "Will You Love Me in December As You Do in
May?". Walker was not the best of students and dropped out of
college before eventually graduating from New York Law School in
1904. Walker's father wanted him to become a lawyer and
politician. Raised in Greenwich Village among the bohemians,
Walker at first decided that he would rather write songs and be
involved in the music industry, writing many songs, including
"There's Music In The Rustle Of A Skirt" and the 1908
hit "Will You Love Me in December as You Do in May?".
Nevertheless, he eventually entered politics in 1909 and
subsequently passed the bar exam in 1912. Walker was a member of
the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 5th D.) from 1910-1914.
He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1915 to 1925,
and was Minority Leader from 1920 to 1922; Temporary President of
the State Senate from 1923 to 1924; and Minority Leader again in
1925. In the Senate he strongly opposed Prohibition. He also
sponsored the "Walker Law" to legalize boxing in New
York. He was honored a number of times over the years by the
boxing community. Walker is a member of the International Boxing
Hall of Fame and was given the Edward J. Neil Trophy in 1945 for
his service to the sport. After his years in the Senate, Walker
set his sights on the 1925 election for Mayor of New York and ran
against fellow democrat and incumbant John Francis Hylan. Walker's
reputation as a flamboyant man-about-town made him a hero to many
working-class voters; he was often seen at legitimate theaters and
illegitimate speakeasies. Walker was a clothes horse: his valet
packed 43 suits for his trip to Europe in August 1927. On the
other hand, his reputation for tolerating corruption made him
suspect to middle-class and moralistic voters. Governor Alfred E.
Smith was his mentor. Smith was a staunch supporter since Walker
backed many social and cultural issues that were considered
politically important such as social welfare legislation,
legalization of boxing, repeal of blue laws against Sunday
baseball games, condemning the Ku Klux Klan, and especially their
mutual opposition to Prohibition. Smith developed a successful
strategy for Walker to win the election and guided Walker's every
move to overcome his tarnished reputation. Smith used his base in
the strong political machine of Tammany Hall to secure this
victory. Walker had to change some of his more unscrupulous ways
or at least provide a cover for his indiscretions. As with many of
the things in Walker's life, he chose the latter. Instead of
ending his visits to the speakeasies and his friendships with
chorus girls, he took those activities behind the closed doors of
a penthouse funded by Tammany Hall. Walker defeated Hylan in the
Democratic primary, and after defeating Republican mayoral
candidate Frank D. Waterman in the general election, became mayor
of New York City. In his initial years as mayor, Walker saw the
city prosper and many public works projects gain traction. In his
first year, Walker created the Department of Sanitation, unified
New York's public hospitals, improved many parks and playgrounds,
and guided the Board of Transportation to enter into contract for
the construction of an expanded subway system (the Independent
Subway System or IND). Under Walker's administration, new highways
and a dock for superliners were also built. He even managed to
maintain the five-cent subway fare despite a threatened strike by
the workers. However, Walker's term was also known for the
proliferation of speakeasies during Prohibition. It is a noted
aspect of his career as mayor and as a member of the State Senate
that Walker was strongly opposed to Prohibition. As mayor, Walker
led his administration in challenging the Eighteenth Amendment by
replacing the police commissioner with an inexperienced former
state banking commissioner. The new police commissioner
immediately dissolved the Special Service Squad. Since Walker did
not feel that drinking was a crime, he discouraged the police from
enforcing Prohibition law or taking an active role unless it was
to curb excessive violations or would prove to be newsworthy. His
affairs with "chorus girls" were widely known, and he
left his wife, Janet, for showgirl Betty Compton. Walker was
re-elected by an overwhelming margin in 1929, defeating Socialist
Norman Thomas. Walker's fortunes turned downward with the economy
after the stock-market crash of 1929. Patrick Joseph Hayes, the
Cardinal Archbishop of New York, denounced him, implying that the
immorality of the mayor, both personal and political in tolerating
"girlie magazines" and casinos was a cause of the
economic downturn. It was one of the causes that led to Tammany
Hall's pulling its support for Walker. Increasing social unrest
led to investigations into corruption within his administration,
and he was eventually forced to testify before the investigative
committee of Judge Samuel Seabury, the Seabury Commission (also
known as the Hofstadter Committee). Walker caused his own downfall
by accepting large sums of money from businessmen looking for
municipal contracts. One surprise witness in the Seabury
investigation was Vivian Gordon. She informed the investigators
that women were falsely arrested and accused of prostitution by
the New York City Police Department. Police officers were given
more money in their paychecks. After her testimony, Gordon was
suspiciously found strangled to death in a park in the Bronx. That
demonstrated to New Yorkers that corruption could lead to terrible
consequences and that Walker might ultimately, in some way, be
responsible for her death. With New York City appearing as a
symbol of corruption under Mayor Walker, Governor Franklin D.
Roosevelt knew he had to do something about Walker and his
administration. Knowing that the State constitution could allow an
elected mayor to be removed from office, Roosevelt felt compelled
to do so but risked losing Tammany Hall's support for the
Democratic nomination. On the other hand, if Roosevelt did nothing
or let Walker off, the national newspapers would consider him
weak. Facing pressure from Roosevelt, Walker eluded questions
about his personal bank accounts, stating instead that the amounts
he received were "beneficences" and not bribes. He
delayed any personal appearances until after Roosevelt's
nomination was secured. It was then that the embattled mayor could
fight no longer. Months from his national election, Roosevelt
decided that he must remove Walker from office. Walker agreed and
resigned on September 1, 1932. He went on a grand tour of Europe
with Compton, his Ziegfeld girl. He announced on November 12,
1932, while aboard the SS Conte Grande, that he had "no
desire or intention of ever holding public office again."
Walker stayed in Europe until the danger of criminal prosecution
appeared remote. There, he married Compton. After his return to
the United States, Walker acted as head of Majestic Records, which
enjoyed its greatest commercial success in the 1940s until
expansion and supply problems created financial problems, when it
folded in 1948, two years after Walker's death. Majestic Records
featured such popular performing artists as Jimmie Lunceford,
Louis Prima, Bud Freeman, Eddy Howard, the DeMarco Sisters, George
Paxton, Foy Willing and the Riders of the Purple Sage, the Merry
Macs and more. Jimmy Walker died in New York City at the age of 65
of a brain hemorrhage. He was interred in the Gate of Heaven
Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York. A romanticized version of
Walker's tenure as mayor was presented in the 1957 film Beau
James, starring Bob Hope. This was a somewhat accurate depiction
of Walker, who during his time as mayor had become a symbol of the
jazz age romanticism. The film was based on a biography of Walker,
also titled Beau James, written by Gene Fowler. A song by Dean
Martin, similarly titled "Beau James", presented a
highly idealized and romantic interpretation of his tenure as
mayor. A book was also the basis of Jimmy, a stage musical about
Walker that had a brief Broadway run from October 1969 to January
1970. The show starred Frank Gorshin as Walker and Anita Gillette
as Betty Compton. There is also a song about Walker in the stage
musical Fiorello!, "Gentleman Jimmy". Footage of Walker
is used in the 1983 Woody Allen film Zelig, with Walker being one
of the guests during Zelig's visit to William Randolph Hearst's
mansion in San Simeon, California. The 1935 novel It Can't Happen
Here, by Sinclair Lewis, lists the exiles in Paris as "Jimmy
Walker, and a few ex-presidents from South America and Cuba".
Jimmy Walker died in New York City at the age of 65 of a brain
hemorrhage. He is interred in the Gate of Heaven Cemetery in
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Franklin
D. Roosevelt Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
November 3, 1936: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1936 United States Presidential Election:
-- Incumbent Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated
Republican governor Alf Landon of Kansas in a landslide victory in
the midst of the Great Depression. Roosevelt won the highest share
of the popular vote (60.8%) and the electoral vote (98.49%,
carrying every state except Maine and Vermont) since the largely
uncontested 1820 election. The sweeping victory consolidated the
New Deal Coalition in control of the Fifth Party System. The 1936
United States Presidential Election was the 38th quadrennial
presidential election. Roosevelt and Vice President John Nance
Garner were renominated without opposition. With the backing of
party leaders, Landon defeated progressive Senator William Borah
at the 1936 Republican National Convention to win his party's
presidential nomination. The populist Union Party nominated
Congressman William Lemke for president. The election took place
as the Great Depression entered its eighth year. Roosevelt was
still working to push the provisions of his New Deal economic
policy through Congress and the courts. However, the New Deal
policies he had already enacted, such as Social Security and
unemployment benefits, had proven to be highly popular with most
Americans. Landon, a political moderate, accepted much of the New
Deal but criticized it for waste and inefficiency. Roosevelt went
on to win the greatest electoral landslide since the rise of
hegemonic control between the Democratic and Republican parties in
the 1850s. Roosevelt took 60.8% of the popular vote, while Landon
won 36.56% and Lemke won 1.96%. Roosevelt carried every state
except Maine and Vermont, which together cast eight electoral
votes. By winning 523 electoral votes and 98.49% of the electoral
vote total, this was the largest share of the Electoral College
since 1820 and the second-largest number of raw electoral votes
ever received by a candidate, and the largest ever for a Democrat.
Roosevelt also won by the widest margin in the popular vote for a
Democrat in history, although Lyndon Johnson would later win a
slightly higher share of the popular vote in 1964, with 61.1%.
Roosevelt's 523 electoral votes marked the first of only three
times in American history when a presidential candidate received
over 500 electoral votes in a presidential election (the others
being in 1972 and 1984) and made Roosevelt the only Democratic
president to accomplish this feat. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Harry S.
Truman: Days Of Decision + Bonus DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
November 3, 1948: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1908 United States Presidential Election:
Dewey Defeats Truman: -- The Chicago Daily Tribune (later Chicago
Tribune) newspaper prints an incorrect banner headline on the
front page of its November 3, 1948 edition, published the day
after incumbent United States president Harry S. Truman's November
2, 1948 upset victory over Republican challenger and New York
governor Thomas E. Dewey, in the 1948 U.S. Presidential Election.
On November 4, it was famously held up by a jubilant Truman at a
public appearance during a stop at St. Louis Union Station while
returning to Washington by train from his home in Independence,
Missouri following his successful election, smiling triumphantly
at the error. He stepped to the rear platform of his train car,
the Ferdinand Magellan, and was handed a copy of the Tribune early
edition. Happy to exult in the paper's error, he held it up for
the photographers gathered at the station, and the famous picture
(in several versions) was taken by multiple photographers. Truman
reportedly smiled and said, "That ain't the way I heard it!"
The paper relied on its veteran Washington correspondent and
political analyst, Arthur Sears Henning, who had predicted the
winner in four out of the last five presidential contests since
1928. As conventional wisdom, supported by various public opinion
polls, was almost unanimous that Dewey would win the election by a
landslide, the first (one-star) edition of the Tribune therefore
went to press with the banner headline "DEWEY DEFEATS
TRUMAN". Tribune publishers could laugh about the blunder
years later and had planned to give Truman a plaque with a replica
of the erroneous banner headline on the 25th anniversary of the
1948 election. However, Truman died on December 26, 1972, before
the gift could be bestowed. Henning's obituary in 1966, published
in the Tribune, makes no mention of the event. The Tribune was not
the only paper to make the mistake. The Journal of Commerce had
eight articles in its edition of November 3 about what could be
expected of President Dewey. The paper's five-column headline
read, "Dewey Victory Seen as Mandate to Open New Era of
Government-Business Harmony, Public Confidence". The Tribune,
which had once referred to Democratic candidate Truman as a
"nincompoop", was a famously Republican-leaning paper.
In a retrospective article some 60 years later about the
newspaper's most famous and embarrassing headline, the Tribune
wrote that Truman "had as low an opinion of the Tribune as it
did of him". For about a year prior to the 1948 election, the
printers who operated the linotype machines at the Chicago Tribune
and other Chicago papers had been on strike, in protest of the
Taft-Hartley Act. Around the same time, the Tribune had switched
to a method by which copy for the paper was composed on
typewriters, photographed, and then engraved onto the printing
plates. This process required the paper to go to press several
hours earlier than usual. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Race
For Space 1961 Historic Soviet Space Films DVD, Download, USB
November 3, 1957: Rocket Launches: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: Animals In Space: -- #DOTD: #RIP:
Soviet Russia launches the world's first inhabited space capsule,
Sputnik II, which carried a dog named Laika. Sputnik 2 (Russian:
"Satellite 2"), or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 (Russian:
"Elementary Satellite 2") was the second spacecraft
launched into Earth orbit. Laika survived for several orbits but
died a few hours after the launch. Launched by the U.S.S.R.,
Sputnik 2 was a 4-meter (13 foot) high cone-shaped capsule with a
base diameter of 2 meters (6.6 feet) that weighed around 500 kg,
though it was not designed to separate from the rocket core that
brought it to orbit, bringing the total mass in orbit to 7.79
tonnes. It contained several compartments for radio transmitters,
a telemetry system, a programming unit, a regeneration and
temperature-control system for the cabin, and scientific
instruments. A separate sealed cabin contained the dog Laika. A
100 line television camera provided images of Laika inside the
capsule. Sputnik 2 was launched into space only 32 days after its
predecessor Sputnik 1. Due to the huge success of Sputnik 1,
Nikita Khrushchev ordered Sergey Korolev back to work creating a
Sputnik 2 that needed to be ready for space for the 40th
anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution. The plan for Sputnik 1
and Sputnik 2 was initiated and presented by Korolev, and was
approved in January 1957. At that time, it was not clear that the
Soviets' main satellite plan (which would eventually become
Sputnik 3) would be able to get to space because of the ongoing
issues with the R-7 ICBM, which would be needed to launch a
satellite of that size. "Korolev proposed substituting two
'simple satellites' for the IGY satellite". The choice to
launch these two instead of waiting for the more advanced Sputnik
3 to be finished was largely motivated by the desire to launch a
satellite to orbit before the US. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Fall Of
The Great Society & The Silent Majority: LBJ & Nixon MP4
DVD
November 3, 1969: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars:
The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict,
The Resistance War Against America): The United States In The
Vietnam War: Addresses To The Nation: Oval Office Addresses: The
Oval Office Addresses Of Richard Nixon: The Silent Majority
Speech: -- U.S. President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on
television and radio, asking the "silent majority" to
join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support
his policies. The silent majority is an unspecified large group of
people in a country or group who do not express their opinions
publicly.This term was popularized by President Nixon during this
address. It referred to those Americans who did not join in the
large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time, who did
not join in the counterculture, and who did not participate in
public discourse. Nixon along with many others saw this group of
Middle Americans as being overshadowed in the media by the more
vocal minority. Preceding Nixon by half a century, it was employed
in 1919 by Warren G. Harding's campaign for the 1920 presidential
nomination. Before that, the phrase was used in the 19th century
as a euphemism referring to all the people who have died, and
others have used it before and after Nixon to refer to groups of
voters in various nations of the world. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Portraits
Of American Presidents Nos. 1-42 TV Series MP4 Download DVD
November 3, 1992: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1992 United States Presidential Election:
-- Democratic governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas defeated incumbent
Republican president George H. W. Bush and independent businessman
Ross Perot of Texas. The election marked the end of a period of
Republican dominance in American presidential politics that began
in 1968 (with 1976 being the sole exception), and also marked the
end of 12 years of Republican rule of the White House, as well as
the end of the Greatest Generation's 32-year American rule and the
beginning of the baby boomers' 28-year dominance until 2020. It
was the last time the incumbent president failed to win a second
term until Donald Trump in 2020, as well as the first election
since 1932 in which an elected incumbent Republican president was
defeated. Perot won 18.9% of the popular vote, the highest share
of the vote won by a candidate outside of the two major parties
since 1912. Although he failed to win any electoral votes, he
finished second in two states (behind Bush in Utah and behind
Clinton in Maine) and found significant support in every state,
resulting in no state giving an absolute majority to any candidate
except Clinton's home state of Arkansas. As such, this is the
final election to date in which the Democratic nominee won less
than 50% of the vote in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii,
Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode
Island, and Vermont; and in which the Republican nominee won less
than 50% in Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Kansas, and Nebraska. It is
also the third and final election since the Civil War in which a
Republican or Democratic nominee failed to break 50% in a single
state (with the exception of Arkansas), the first two being 1912
for William Howard Taft and 1984 for Walter Mondale. As of 2024,
this is the last time that either a Democratic or Republican
candidate received less than 40% of the popular vote. The 1992
United States Presidential Election was the 52nd quadrennial
presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. Bush had
alienated many conservatives in his party by breaking his 1988
campaign pledge not to raise taxes, but he fended off a primary
challenge from paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan without
losing a single contest. Bush's popularity following his success
in the Gulf War dissuaded high-profile Democratic candidates such
as Mario Cuomo from entering the 1992 Democratic primaries.
Clinton, a leader of the centrist Democratic Leadership Council,
established himself as the front-runner for the Democratic
nomination by sweeping the Super Tuesday primaries. He defeated
former governor of California Jerry Brown, former Massachusetts
senator Paul Tsongas, and other candidates to win the nomination,
and chose Tennessee senator Al Gore as his running mate.
Billionaire Ross Perot launched an independent campaign,
emphasizing his opposition to the North American Free Trade
Agreement and his plan to reduce the national debt. The economy
had recovered from a recession in the spring of 1991, followed by
19 consecutive months of growth, but perceptions of the economy's
slow growth harmed Bush, for he had inherited a substantial
economic boom from his predecessor Ronald Reagan. Bush's greatest
strength, foreign policy, was regarded as much less important
following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the
Cold War, as well as the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle
East after the Gulf War. Perot led in several polls taken in June
1992, but severely damaged his candidacy by temporarily dropping
out of the race in July. The Bush campaign criticized Clinton's
character and emphasized Bush's foreign policy successes, while
Clinton focused on the economy. Clinton won a plurality in the
popular vote and a majority of the electoral vote, breaking a
streak of three consecutive Republican victories. He won states in
every region of the country; he swept the Northeast and the West
Coast, marking the start of Democratic dominance in both regions
in both presidential and statewide elections. Clinton also
performed well in the eastern Midwest, the Mountain West,
Appalachia, and parts of the South. This election was the first
time a Democrat had won the presidency without Texas since its
statehood and North Carolina since 1844. This was also the last
time to date that the state of Montana voted Democratic in a
presidential election, and the last time until 2020 that Georgia
did so. This was also the last time Colorado voted Democratic
until 2008. Clinton flipped a total of 22 states that had voted
Republican in the election of 1988. Clinton would win with the
smallest vote share of the national vote since Woodrow Wilson in
1912, when the Republican Party experienced a drastic split. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Presidential Campaign TV Ads 1952-1992 MP4 Video Download 4 DVD
Set
November 3, 2020: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 2020 United States Presidential Election:
-- The Democratic ticket of former vice president Joe Biden and
the junior U.S. senator from California Kamala Harris defeats
incumbent Republican president Donald Trump and vice president
Mike Pence. The election took place against the backdrop of the
global COVID-19 pandemic and related recession. The election saw
the highest voter turnout by percentage since 1900. Biden received
more than 81 million votes, the most votes ever cast for a
candidate in a U.S. presidential election. The 2020 United States
Presidential Election was the 59th quadrennial presidential
election. In a competitive primary that featured the most
candidates for any political party in the modern era of American
politics, Biden secured the Democratic presidential nomination.
Biden's running mate, Harris, became the first African-American,
first Asian-American, and third female vice presidential nominee
on a major party ticket. Trump secured re-nomination, getting a
total of 2,549 delegates, one of the most in presidential primary
history, in the Republican primaries. Jo Jorgensen secured the
Libertarian presidential nomination with Spike Cohen as her
running mate, and Howie Hawkins secured the Green presidential
nomination with Angela Nicole Walker as his running mate. The
central issues of the election included the public health and
economic impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; civil unrest in
reaction to the police murder of George Floyd and others; the
Supreme Court following the death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and
confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett; and the future of the
Affordable Care Act. Due to the ongoing pandemic, a record number
of ballots were cast early and by mail. Thirty-eight states had
over half of all votes cast using these methods, and only three
states had fewer than 25%. Many more registered Democrats voted by
mail than registered Republicans. As a result of a large number of
mail-in ballots, some swing states saw delays in vote counting and
reporting; this led to major news outlets delaying their
projection of Biden and Harris as the president-elect and vice
president-elect until the morning of November 7. Major media
networks project a state for a candidate once there is high
statistical confidence that the outstanding vote would be unlikely
to prevent the projected winner from ultimately winning that
state. Biden received the majority in the Electoral College with
306 electoral votes, while Trump received 232. Trump was the first
president to lose re-election since George H. W. Bush in 1992. Key
to Biden's victory were his wins in the Democratic-leaning Rust
Belt states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, which Trump
narrowly carried in 2016 and whose combined 46 electoral votes
were enough to swing the election to either candidate. Biden also
became the first Democrat to win a presidential election in
Georgia since 1992 and in Arizona since 1996, as well as
Nebraska's 2nd congressional district since 2008. Before, during,
and after Election Day, Trump and numerous other Republicans
engaged in an aggressive and unprecedented attempt to subvert the
election and overturn the results, falsely alleging widespread
voter fraud and trying to influence the vote-counting process in
swing states in what has been described as an attempted self-coup
d'etat. Attorney General William Barr and officials in each of the
50 states found no evidence of widespread fraud or irregularities
in the election. Federal agencies overseeing election security
said it was the most secure in American history. The Trump
campaign and its allies, including Republican members of Congress,
continued to engage in numerous attempts to overturn the results
of the election by filing numerous lawsuits in several states
(most of which were withdrawn or dismissed), spreading conspiracy
theories alleging fraud, pressuring Republican state election
officials (including, notably, Georgia Secretary of State Brad
Raffensperger, in a phone call that later became widely
publicized) and legislators to change results, pressuring the
Department of Justice to declare the election "corrupt"
and intervene, objecting to the Electoral College certification in
Congress, and refusing to cooperate with the presidential
transition of Biden. With Trump vowing that he would never concede
the election and after exhorting his followers to "fight like
hell", a mob of Trump supporters attacked the United States
Capitol on January 6, 2021, during the joint session of Congress
held to certify the Electoral College count. On January 7, Trump
acknowledged the incoming administration without mentioning
Biden's name. Biden and Harris were inaugurated on January 20,
2021; in a break from tradition, Trump did not attend his
successor's inauguration. Trump was indicted on August 1, 2023, on
four counts relating to conspiring to overturn the results. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Jack
Benny Complete Radio Broadcasts Set MP3 DVD, Audio Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic
Family Values Films 1934-1957 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Future That Never Happened Plus Future Wars Doc MP4 Download DVD
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Yours
Truly Johnny Dollar Radio Series MP3 DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: HRH The
Prince Of Wales: The Earth In Balance DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Japan:
A Cherry Blossom By Many Other Names MP4 Video Download DVD
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Indomitable Teddy Roosevelt w/ George C Scott DVD, Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
American Diary: US History 1895-1933 TV Series DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
America: The Second Century Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Portraits Of The Presidency: POTUS Documentaries DVD, Download,
USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Making Of The President 1964 POTUS Campaign LBJ DVD, Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Unknown War: The Great Patriotic War Series WWII USSR DVD MP4 USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Huey
Long Aka The Kingfish Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Choppers: Helicopter History TV Documentary Series DVD, Download,
USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer
Space Films 8 Project Voyager Pioneer Mariner DVD, Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Matisse, Voyages: Henri Matisse Biography + Bonus DVD MP4 USB
Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Alternative Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band MP3 CD Download
USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Music & Dance Shows #10 Shindig & Shinrock DVD, MP4, USB
Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC
Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Batman
And Robin And The Great Super Heroes 1989 DVD MP4 Download USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The X
Planes TV Documentary Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Open Mind With Bill Jenkins Radio Series DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Frank
Lloyd Wright Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Master
Of The World 1961 Jules Verne Vincent Price DVD, Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Surviving Desire 1991 Martin Donovan Mary Ward DVD/Download/USB
Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Buffalo
Bill's Wild West Shows & Annie Oakley MP4 Video Download DVD
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Peter
Pan 1960 Color TV Production w/ Mary Martin DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Music & Dance Shows #15 Ready Steady Go Vol II DVD MP4 Flash
Drive
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Windy
City (1984) Kate Capshaw Josh Mostel John Shea MP4 Download DVD
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